Yall pyrotherapy is such a smart thing wtf. Employing dangerous pathogens that cause crazy fevers in order to kill some other pathogens is risky asf but kinda actually work??? I mean its that or you die to the pathogen already in you so. Doctors basically create an artificial fever, by raising the temperature, immune cells fight harder and blood vessels constrict in order to make them travel throughout the body quicker. Naturally, ts happens when immune cells release cytokines called pyrogens that go into the brain and tell the brain to heat up the damn body. So what doctors did to heighten this process is to give patients intense infections with diseases such as malaria. But there was more ways to achieve this than just malariotherapy. They would use hot baths and electric blankets to heat up the body artificially. Of course this was like 1800s to 1900s. The practice was mostly abandoned after safer methods to treat bacterial infections were introduced such as penicillin and other drugs. But pyrotherapy was widely used to treat Syphilis. It was pretty smart for what they had at the time. Variolation is also one of those old timey methods used to treat illness. Variolation is older though (I think). It was used to treat smallpox back then. Basically just the earliest versions of vaccines. Mfs would acknowledge how people who endured a sickness would be immune to it after (this is due to memory cells, who just recognize the antigen of a familar pathogen and speeds up the activation of the adaptive immune system). So creatively people decided to cut off scabs of infected people, grind em tf up and let uninfected people sniff that shit. It would only give them a sample of the virus. Similar to how a vaccine works. It was WAY RISKIER than modern vaccines but it was that or absolute death to a plague so. I would go on to explain RNA vaccines which are new asf and VERY COOL and theres also cryotherapy too but I need to stop yapping and stfu lmao
also fun fact b cells shit out 2 thousand antibodies per second
vaccines typically use the inactive parts of a pathogen anyways. Its not dangerous at all. There just needs to be enough antigens to trigger the immune system which in return produces t and b cells that create specific antibodies to target specific pathogens. So they have a way better chance at killing the pathogen in its entirety. The only dangerous chemical part would be toxins of those microbes, which again are severely weakened since its only the inactive parts of them. So im wondering how these mfs actually think its a risk, no doctor is trying to kill you lmao. Theres also RNA VACCINES WHICH ARE INGENIOUS. And even safer than typical vaccines. Basically they insert a piece of mRNA into cells that helps create pathogenic proteins. If yall know anything about protein synthesis basically mRNA is just the instructions to create proteins. THEYRE LITERALLY GIVING INSTRUCTIONS TO YOUR CELLS SO THEY CREATE ANTIGENS THEMSELVES ITS SO SMART. IT STILL TRIGGERS THE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND THERES EVEN LESS OF A THREAT BECAUSE NO ACTUAL PATHOGEN IS BEING INJECTED INSIDE YOU, YOUR CELLS ARE DOING ALL THE WORK. Yall that shit is fascinating 🥱 // I gotta start posting here more
immune system rpg real ; activates means they use special cytokines on macrophages and such to “buff them” which makes them kill even more pathogens ; kills just means kills cancer/infected cells ; also a common misconception is that the white blood cell refers to one type of cell but thats false, its a general umbrella term for most immune cells, including the T cell variants ; yk how theres the nervous system (nerves) and theres the cardiovascular system (blood vessels), there’s also lymphatic system WHICH NOBODY TALKS ABOUT FOR SOME ODD REASON which contains lymph nodes (basically the headquarters for immune cells) and more importantly the thymus, which is where t cells go after being. created in the bone marrow. T cells “train” there to learn how to do their job essentially. This is to prevent autoimmune diseases, because most t cells dont know the difference between your cells and evil pathogens and cancer shit, those ones “learn” the difference in the thymus where if they fail they’re instructed to kill themselves lmfao ;
t cells are of the adaptive immune system btw. The coolest shit about them is that they basically have a gene for each protein that can make up a bacterium so IN A WAY they know every disease that has existed and will exist. WHICH IS THE COOLEST SHIT EVER. This is what memory t cells are for, they “remember” enemies after the infection has passed. Identitying them by their antigen (a protein of the enemy essentially) and is able to make the perfect weapon against that specific enemy next time. They dont this alone though, they need a dendritic cell to give them antigen first. Dendritic cells are basically messengers that collect samples of the pathogens blah blah blah this is not about them, but they are important. ; AND THEY PRODUCE COMPLEMENT PROTEINS AND I FUCKING LOVE THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
B cells also have their own skill tree bs that im too lazy to draw nor explain
🎆 encourages yall to do your research
”comms” communicates to other cells. “Remembers” memory cells keep specific antibodies used for specific enemies from previous battles. Basically a prepackaged weapon ready to fire much earlier the second time an infection of the same pathogen occurs. Erases the tedious process of t cells and b cells having to learn and adapt to create the perfect antibody for the specific enemy when the first infection occurred (which costed time). “Standby” either passive or patrolling the area waiting to attack invaders.
theres also ts
Opsonization is basically the procrss of cellular proteins marking or tagging pathogens
opsonins (in this case the complement proteins) dont just ensare the pathogen but makes them more susceptible to being eaten by phagocytes by doing so
the process of phagocytes eating pathogens is just called phagocytosis
so think of opsonization as the catalyst for phagocytosis
the pathogens get tagged, making it easier for phagocytes to identify them and eat them
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